yìxínggǒng 翼形栱
https://architecturasinica.org/keyword/k000134Note
Yixinggong 翼形栱, which cannot be found in Chinese literature until 1930s, is a term coined by Liang Sicheng that combines yixing 翼形 (literally, wing-shaped (Hanyu dacidian, online; Kroll 2015, 551)1
and gong 栱 to refer to the wing-shaped brackets in Tang, Liao, and Song architecture. In terms of shape, yixinggong 翼形栱 is based on actual examples which were referred to as yixinggong 翼形栱 by Liang Sicheng. In terms of function, the two ends of yixinggong 翼形栱 do not support a bearing block and would therefore be considered more decorative than structural. With the publication of Liang Sicheng's investigation reports on Song, Liao, and Jin architecture in the Journal of the Society for the Study of Chinese Architecture (Zhongguo Yingzao xueshe huikan 中國營造學社彙刊) between 1932 and 1935, the term yixinggong 翼形栱 was used repeatedly and it gradually became a term with a much clearer definition which was adopted by other scholars. It is important to note that the consensus reached by later architectural historians about the meaning of yixinggong differs from Liang Sicheng's use of the term. The discrepancy mainly lies in different understandings of what is meant by “wing-shaped” (yixing). Prior to 1979, the term yixinggong 翼形栱 (“wing-shaped bracket arm”) was applied to all irregularly-shaped brackets. Now some scholars also use yixinggong 異形栱 (“irregularly shaped bracket arm”) instead; see yixinggong 異形栱.5
“翼形栱”字面意義為形狀如翅膀的栱。“翼形栱”一詞源於現代學者的研究。當前學者一般認為“翼形栱”可歸納為以下方面:時間上,“翼形栱”是一種出現于唐、宋、遼、金建築上的鬥栱構件;形狀上,“翼形栱”的形狀以梁思成使用“翼形栱”指稱的實例為參考,但並不存在明確的限定;作用上,“翼形栱”兩端不承枓。 “翼形栱”一詞不見於古代文獻,系梁思成在1930年代研究唐、宋、遼代建築時為描述狀如飛翼的栱而將“翼形”與“栱”複合而成的詞語(梁 1932,40)。 隨著梁思成對晉冀地區宋、遼、金建築的調查報告相繼於1932~1935年在《中國營造學社彙刊》上發表(梁 1932-1935), “翼形栱”在其中被不斷提及,並逐漸成為了一個含義較為明確的術語而為其他學者所接受,但與梁思成對“翼形栱”一詞的使用並非毫無出入,其差異主要源自對“何為翼形”這一問題的不同認識。5
至1979年,其詞義已泛化為專指栱身與弓形栱不同且兩端不承枓的栱。現在也有學者寫作“異形栱”(張 1979,71-106; 陸 2008,182-194); 參見異形栱。6
Related concepts
Works Cited
Any information without attribution has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines.
- 1 漢語大詞典編纂処. 2008-2011. 漢語大詞典, accessed June 12, 2022.; KROLL. 2015. A Student's Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese, accessed 2015.
- 2 梁. 1932. 薊縣獨樂寺觀音閣山門考, 40.; 肖. 1997. 翼形拱探析, 34-37.
- 3 MILLER. 2008. The Eleventh-century Daxiongbaodian of Kaihuasi and Architectural Style in Southern Shanxi's Shangdang Region, 1-42.
- 4 ZUO. 2010. From Jiangnan to Sichuan: Yuan Architecture Along the Yantze River, 102.
- 5 梁. 1932. 薊縣獨樂寺觀音閣山門考, 40.; 梁. 1932. 寶坻縣廣濟寺三大士殿; 梁. 1933. 大同古建築調查報告; 徽因. 1935. 晉汾古建築預查紀略
- 6 張. 1979. 山西元代殿堂的大木結構, 71-106.; 元鼎. 2008. 永嘉楠溪鄉土建築的地域特徵, 182–94.
Broad Match: bracketing
How to Cite This Entry
Bibliography:
REN Sijie 任思捷 et al., “ 翼形栱 yìxínggǒng.” In Architectura Sinica, edited by Tracy Miller. Entry published May 23, 2020. https://architecturasinica.org/keyword/k000134.About this Entry
Entry Title: 翼形栱 yìxínggǒng
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- Tracy Miller, editor, Architectura Sinica
- ZHUGE Jing 諸葛净, associate editor, Architectural Terminology
- REN Sijie 任思捷 and Chen Jiaqi 陈加麒, entry contributors, “ 翼形栱 yìxínggǒng”
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- Data entry, adding citations SUN Zheng
- Adding notes, bibliography, photo CHEN Zhuo 陈卓
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